Why China Is Buying U.s. Debt - 1020 Words

Currently, China is one of the world’s most prominent economic powers and recently surpassed the U.S. as the largest economy in the world. China has been one of the primary holders of US debt for decades, primarily in the form of Treasury bonds. If the Chinese government were to begin rapidly selling off U.S. Treasury bond debt, there would likely be substantial global economic and political impacts. However, before I discuss these impacts it is important to understand why China is buying U.S. debt. The overall economic goal of the Chinese government is to keep the value of the yuan at a depreciated value compared to the U.S. dollar and other foreign currencies in order to hold the cost of their exports lower than they can be†¦show more content†¦Having a better understanding of why China is buying U.S. debt now leads us to the economic consequences of the rapid sell-off of U.S. Treasury bonds. While there are varying views on what would happen if China were to ra pidly sell off their holdings of U.S. debt there is a general consensus that this action would ultimately hurt China’s economy more than it would the U.S. economy. Morrison and Labonte state, â€Å"A Chinese attempt to sell a large portion of its dollar holdings could reduce the value of its remaining dollar holdings, and any subsequent negative shocks to the U.S. (and global) economy could dampen U.S. demand for Chinese exports† (2). Economically, China would stand to gain very little from rapidly selling off their U.S. debt holdings since it could possibly damage China’s exports and simultaneously devalue the yuan at the same time. The effect of a rapid sell off on the U.S. economy would not be trivial either. It would likely weaken the U.S. dollar and reduce U.S. demand for Chinese exports. Morrison and Labonte state that, â€Å"All else equal, the reduction in Chinese Treasury holdings would cause the overall foreign demand for U.S. assets to fall, and th is would cause the dollar to depreciate. If the value of the dollar depreciated, the trade deficit would decline, as the price of U.S. exports fell abroad and the price of imports rose in the United States† (16). Overall, the effect of a rapid sell off of U.S. debt by China would

Should Abortion Be Legal - 1623 Words

The decision to end the life of someone without their own consent has caused great disruption among Americans. Before the civil rights movement, Americans idealized the idea that abortion was ultimately prohibited due to the fact that religion predominated the beliefs of the people. Now in a rapid changing-liberal society, people are questioning if prohibiting a woman from aborting is denying her inalienable right of freedom as listed under the First Amendment. The right to abortion should be left in the hands of a woman’s personal decision rather than being obligated to live with the results of something she never wanted. Abortion is the deliberate termination of a human pregnancy, often performed during the first twenty eight weeks of†¦show more content†¦The interpretation of this verse gives the proof that life begins even before the site of conception. Therefore, the religions use this claim to enforce the fact that an abortion on whatever circumstance is the killing of a human being. For instance, the Muslim faith has stated, Muslims regard abortion as wrong and forbidden(BBC) . These views of the Muslim religion relate to the central idea that the killing of a organism at any given time during the pregnancy is unethical and forbidden. In essence, the idea of abortion has predominated as a wrongful sin according to religion and science. On the other hand, there are people who suggest that the idea to be obligated to have a child is a form of inhumanity in itself, as it robs the person of an unalienable right, the right to choose. In the tragic testimony given by Lorna, she presents to th e world her story on how live changing the ability to abort can be. This testimony was presented by the National Abortion Federation. Lorna is a mother of three with a number of health issues, including Lupus, a tumor on her upper intestines, and two uterine abrasions. When Lorna found out she was pregnant, she knew immediately that carrying another pregnancy to term was not an option for her. She had hemorrhaged while giving birth to her last child, and her sister—who also had Lupus—had died after giving birth. Lorna did notShow MoreRelatedAbortion Should Not Be Legal1647 Words   |  7 PagesOne of the most highly debated topics is abortion and whether or not it should be legal. People who oppose abortion, meaning they are pro-life claim that abortion should be completely illegal with no aspects of it whatsoever; it can be a murder for the people standing against it. The other side of the argument, meaning people who are pro-choice, defend it by bel ieving it to be a right been given to the women. They also claim even if abortion was to be illegal, it would still be practiced. EveryRead MoreAbortion Should Not Be Legal920 Words   |  4 Pagesworld has struggled with for ages and one thing that people are advocating around the world for is abortion. Abortion is either a procedure or pill that stops a fetus s heart. Abortion should not be legal because life beings at creation, abortions are a direct violation of the 14th amendment, and thousands of people would love to adopt a child: handicapped or otherwise. Abortion should not be legal because life begins at creation. What is creation? Some people say conception, but it actually isRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?1320 Words   |  6 PagesAbortion, as you all may know, is a really popular topic. There have long been many debates between the two groups, pro-life and pro-choice. People who are pro-life believe that part of the government’s job is to protect all forms of human life. Those who are pro-choice believe that every individual should have control over their own reproductive systems. Pro-life supporters strongly believe that even an undeveloped fetus has life; it is still growing and it needs to be protected. And this soundsRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?1217 Words   |  5 PagesNovember 2015 Should Abortion be Legal Among all the issues that have been fought for or against in the United States, abortion may be one of the most popular issues that Americans are passionate about. Abortion is defined as the removal of the embryo or fetus from the uterus in order to end a pregnancy. Thousands of abortions take place every single day, and yet public opinion remains at a standstill as to whether or not abortion is ethical. Everyone holds different opinions on abortion. The proponentsRead MoreAbortion Should Not Be Legal Essay1596 Words   |  7 Pages Abortions have been performed on women for thousands of years. Abortion is the deliberate termination of a human pregnancy. Most often it is performed during the first 20 weeks of being pregnant. The controversy over whether or not abortion should be legal continues to divide Americans till this day. An important landmark case was the Roe v. Wade case, where the Court argued that the zone of privacy was broad enough to encompass a woman s decision whether or not to terminateRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal? Essay1089 Words   |  5 PagesWhen the word abortion is heard, it is always associated with many negative things such as murder and inhumanity. However not legalizing abortion creates a huge problem for women around the world. Having a child takes consideration, planning and preparation and if pregnancy happens without any of this, why bother to have it at all? The reasons why abortion should be legal is that it supports the fundamental human rights for women by giving them a choice, it reduces crime by reducing the number ofRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?1135 Words   |  5 PagesKelsi Hodgkin Composition 1 Professor Chipps 19 October 2015 Should Abortion Be Legal A common debate in the world today involves abortion, the deliberate end of human pregnancy, and whether or not it should be legalized. â€Å"Every year in the world there are an estimated 40-50 million abortions. This corresponds to approximately 125,000 abortions per day† (â€Å"Abortions Worldwide this Year†). On one side of the argument, people are not disturbed by this grotesque number, and on theRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?963 Words   |  4 PagesLegal or Illegal? Which would you prefer? Not many are willing to discuss such a gut wrenching topic, but this needs to be addressed. It is a very controversial topic with having to do with women rights and activists. Since there are two sides to every argument, there is one side such as to make abortion legal and the opposing side to keep abortions illegal. In my opinion making abortion illegal can regulate the amount of women who do get pregnant. I believe that making abortions legal will let womenRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?867 Words   |  4 PagesABORTION Abortion is a deliberate termination of a human pregnancy, most often performed the first 20 weeks of pregnancy. There are series of legal, moral and ethical issues which may arise about abortion. Most arguments about abortion are often focused on political insinuations and the legal aspect of such actions. Some frequently asked questions’ regarding the issue is if the practice should be outlawed and regarded as murder or should women have the right to practice it. For example, prior toRead MoreShould Abortions Be Legal?939 Words   |  4 PagesShould abortions be legal? Abortions have been a big issue since the Roe v Wade case. There have been a lot of disagreements between the Pro-life supporters and the pro-choice supporters. Pro-life supporters feel like abortions deter murder, while pro-choice supporters believe that the women should be able to make their own decisions. I am a part of the pro-life supporters because I feel like abortions are wrong for several of reasons. Why should women get an abortion if there are other choices for

A Survey conducted on teachers in the United States Free Essays

string(123) " and therefore dispute the end of inclusivity, 68 % of the learning community thought they strongly rejected this thought\." The entire population studied was 200 instructors with different demographic profiles. Of them 66 instructors were work forces ( 33 % ) and 134 were adult females ( 67 % ) . In footings of matrimonial position, 38 % were individual ( i. We will write a custom essay sample on A Survey conducted on teachers in the United States or any similar topic only for you Order Now e 76 instructors ) and the remainder 124 instructors were married. Among the studied population once more, 164 instructors were professionally qualified, while the remainder 36 instructors did non have any professional preparation. Experience wise 45 % of the studied population had an experience of lt ; 10years ( 90 instructors ) and the remainder 110 instructors had an experience of gt ; 10 old ages. The undermentioned pie charts portray the perceptual experience of instructors in United States refering inclusive instruction. Following the order in portion I of the questionnaire, the consequences have been discussed. On being asked if they think that inclusive manner of instruction helps pupils with particular demands fare better academically, more than half of the respondents ( 65 % ) strongly agree that pupils when put in an inclusive category suites, perform academically better and their response towards inclusive instruction is greater. Another 20 % of instructors are besides positive about this perceptual experience. Therefore a huge bulk of the surveyed population are positive towards the inquiry of inclusivity as a aid for particular instruction in footings of academic betterment in pupils with particular demands. 12 % of the population was impersonal on the issue and negative positions were expressed by merely a little minority of 0.75 % who disagreed and 0.25 % who strongly objected this position. Thus the overall instructor community ‘s perceptual experience was found to be positive on this issue. On being asked if they thought that the integrating of particular needs kids into the general pupil community would impact the regular pupils in any manner, merely 8 % of the respondents agreed of which merely 5 % strongly agreed that when normal pupils are placed along with particular kids in a regular category ambiance, negatively will impact the public presentation and efficiency of normal pupils. 22 % were impersonal in their positions and felt that inclusion might or might non hold an consequence on the regular pupil community. The remainder of the 70 % of the instructors surveyed disagreed to this position of which 40 % strongly disagreed that inclusion might impact the regular pupils in any manner. Again, the instructor ‘s response for inclusion seemed to be favourable in an overall bulk. To the inquiry og whether or non endorse up support must be given to kids with particular demands in the inclusive set up to accomplish the highest degree of inclusion, 62 % of the respondents strongly believed that back up support must be given to accomplish the highest degree of inclusion. Another 23 % agreed to this position doing the entire favorable attitude to this position a bulk of 85 % . 5 % of instructors were undecided on this position and merely 10 % had negative positions. Among the 10 % merely 2 % of the instructors strongly rejected this position. On being asked if they thought that academically talented pupils will be isolated in an inclusive category apparatus, none of the instructors strongly accepted this position and merely 3 % agreed that such a possibility exists. 22 % of the instructors were open as to whether or non inclusion might insulate the academically gifted kids. A bulk og 42 % instructors strongly rejected this position of isolation of the academically gifted kids in inclusive categories while 33 % disagreed. Therefore a huge bulk of instructors 75 % think that academically talented kids will non be isolated in inclusive category suites. To the 5th inquiry as to whether the placing of kids with particular demands in regular category suites may impact the academic public presentation of chief watercourse pupils, 50 % of the learning community thought they strongly rejected this thought. Another 15 % disagreed to the thought doing a bulk of 65 % of instructors who thought that the puting kids with particular demands in regular category suites will non impact the academic public presentation of chief watercourse students.10 % of the instructors surveyed were undecided on the issue while 25 % accepted the thought of which 13 % strongly felt that puting kids with particular demands in regular category suites may impact the academic public presentation of chief watercourse pupils and another 12 % agreed. To the inquiry of whether kids with particular instruction demands will profit from inclusive instruction, 78 % of the instructors surveyed strongly accepted that kids with particular demands will profit and another 12 % agreed to the thought. Thus a sum of 90 % of the instructors thought that inclusivity benefits the kids with particular demands. Merely 9 % of the instructors had a negative position on the thought while 1 % were undecided on the issue. On being asked if they thought that kids with particular academic demands have a right to chief watercourse instruction, 72 % of the instructors strongly accepted this position and another 18 % agreed that kids with particular academic demands have a right to chief watercourse instruction. 5 % of the instructors were open as to whether or non kids with particular academic demands have a right to chief watercourse instruction. A minority og 2 % instructors strongly rejected this position of kids with particular academic demands holding a right to chief watercourse instruction while another 3 % disagreed. Therefore a huge bulk of instructors 90 % think that kids with particular academic demands have a right to chief watercourse instruction. To the last inquiry as to whether the puting kids with particular demands in regular category suites may ensue in labeling of the kids with particular demands as Wyrd, stupid or hopeless, and therefore dispute the end of inclusivity, 68 % of the learning community thought they strongly rejected this thought. You read "A Survey conducted on teachers in the United States" in category "Essay examples" Another 23 % disagreed to the thought doing a bulk of 91 % of instructors who thought that the placing of kids with particular demands in regular category suites will non ensue in labeling of the kids with particular demands as Wyrd, stupid or hopeless, and therefore dispute the end of inclusivity. 2 % of the instructors surveyed were undecided on the issue while 7 % accepted the thought of which 4 % strongly felt that puting kids with particular demands in regular category suites may ensue in labeling of the kids with particular demands as Wyrd, stupid or hopeless, and therefore dispute t he end of inclusivity and another 3 % agreed. Part II: In portion II of the questionnaire, the observations of instructors from the US sing the corporate attempts between particular instruction and chief watercourse instructors in an inclusive schoolroom were studied. On being asked if they thought that particular instruction instructors and regular chief watercourse instructors must work together to learn kids with particular academic demands in inclusive category suites, 82 % of the instructors strongly accepted this position and another 12 % agreed that particular instruction instructors and regular chief watercourse instructors must work together to learn kids with particular academic demands in inclusive category suites. 1 % of the instructors were open as to whether or non particular instruction instructors and regular chief watercourse instructors must work together to learn kids with particular academic demands in inclusive category suites. A minority og 2 % instructors strongly rejected this position of kids with particular academic demands holding a right to chief watercourse instruction while another 3 % disagreed. Therefore a huge bulk of instructors 94 % think that particular instruction instructors and regular chief watercourse instr uctors must work together to learn kids with particular academic demands in inclusive category suites. The execution of inclusive instruction as a really good construct is uneffective due to expostulation from the chief watercourse category room instructors. To this inquiry as to whether the execution of inclusive instruction is uneffective due to expostulations from chief watercourse schoolroom instructors, 12 % of the learning community thought they strongly rejected this thought. Another 18 % disagreed to the thought doing a sum of 30 % of instructors who did non believe that the execution of inclusive instruction is uneffective due to expostulations from chief watercourse schoolroom instructors. 3 % of the instructors surveyed were undecided on the issue while a bulk of 67 % accepted the thought of which 39 % strongly felt that the execution of inclusive instruction is uneffective due to expostulations from chief watercourse schoolroom instructors and another 28 % agreed. To the 3rd inquiry as to whether or non chief watercourse instructors have a chief duty towards the kids with particular demands placed in their regular category suites, 58 % of the learning community thought they strongly accepted this thought. Another 20 % agreed to the thought doing a bulk of 78 % of instructors who thought that chief watercourse instructors have a chief duty towards the kids with particular demands placed in their regular category suites. 1 % of the instructors surveyed were undecided on the issue while 21 % did non prefer the thought of which 10 % strongly rejected the thought that chief watercourse instructors have a chief duty towards the kids with particular demands placed in their regular category suites and another 11 % disagreed. Questions were raised on the ideas about hard to find on who truly is responsible for pupils with particular demands during the presence of a particular instruction instructor in the regular category suites, 62 % of the instructors strongly accepted this position and another 12 % agreed that it hard to find on who truly is responsible for pupils with particular demands during the presence of a particular instruction instructor in the regular category suites and 4 % of the instructors were open as to whether or non it is hard to find on who truly is responsible for pupils with particular demands during the presence of a particular instruction instructor in the regular category suites and a minority of 10 % instructors strongly rejected this position that it is hard to find on who truly is responsible for pupils with particular demands during the presence of a particular instruction instructor in the regular category suites while a another 12 % disagreed. Therefore with a huge bulk of instructors 74 % think that hard to find on who truly is responsible for pupils with particular demands during the presence of a particular instruction instructor in the regular category suites. To the last inquiry as to whether or non a particular instruction teacher merely helps the kids with particular demands placed in the category suites, 48 % of the learning community thought they strongly accepted this thought. Another 20 % agreed to the thought doing a bulk of 68 % of instructors who thought that a particular instruction teacher merely helps the kids with particular demands placed in the category suites. 10 % of the instructors surveyed were undecided on the issue while 22 % did non prefer the thought of which 10 % strongly rejected the thought that a particular instruction teacher merely helps the kids with particular demands placed in the category suites and another 12 % disagreed. Part III: The 3rd portion of the questionnaire highlights some of the issues that need the attending of the parties involved in implementing particular instruction plans particularly with mention to inclusive manner of instruction. To the first inquiry as to whether or non chief watercourse instruction instructors possess the preparation and the accomplishments to assist the kids with particular demands placed in the clssrooms, 15 % of the learning community thought they strongly accepted this thought. Another 8 % agreed to the thought doing a minority of 23 % of instructors who thought that chief watercourse instruction instructors possess the preparation and the accomplishments to assist the kids with particular demands placed in the clssrooms. 2 % of the instructors surveyed were undecided on the issue while a bulk of 75 % did non favor the thought of which 50 % strongly rejected the thought that a chief watercourse instruction instructors possess the preparation and the accomplishments to assist the kids with particular demands placed in the clssrooms and another 25 % disagreed. On being asked if they thought that kids with particular demands required excess aid and attending in regular category suites, 87 % of the instructors strongly accepted this position and another 8 % agreed that the kids with particular demands required excess aid and attending in regular category suites. none of the instructors were open as to whether or non the kids with particular demands required excess aid and attending in regular category suites. A minority og 3 % instructors strongly rejected this position that kids with particular demands required excess aid and attending in regular category suites while another 2 % disagreed. Therefore a huge bulk of instructors 95 % think that the kids with particular demands required excess aid and attending in regular category suites. To the inquiry og whether or non kids with particular demands in the inclusive set up to perpetrate more disciplinary jobs when compared to regular pupils, 58 % of the respondents strongly believed that kids with particular demands in the inclusive set up to perpetrate more disciplinary jobs when compared to regular pupils. Another 34 % agreed to this position doing the entire favourable attitude to this position a bulk of 92 % . 4 % of instructors were undecided on this position and merely 4 % had negative positions. Among the 4 % 2 % of the instructors strongly rejected this position and the other 2 % disagreed that kids with particular demands in the inclusive set up to perpetrate more disciplinary jobs when compared to regular pupils. Main watercourse schoolroom instructors received really small aid from particular demands instructors. To this inquiry as to whether the particular instructors are of any aid to the chief watercourse schoolroom instructors, 30 % thought they strongly rejected this thought. Another 2 % disagreed to the thought doing a sum of 32 % of instructors who did non believe that the particular instructors are of any aid to the chief watercourse schoolroom instructors and with another 10 % of the instructors surveyed were undecided on the issue while a bulk of 58 % accepted the thought of which 34 % strongly felt that particular instructors are non of any aid to the chief watercourse schoolroom instructors, 24 % agreed. Last, to the inquiry as to whether resources for pupils with particular demands are limited in a chief watercourse schoolroom though inclusive instruction is of import, merely 2 % of the learning community thought they disagreed to the thought. Not surprisingly none of the interviewed instructors strongly rejected this thought that resources for pupils with particular demands are limited in a chief watercourse schoolroom. 10 % of the instructors surveyed were undecided on the issue while a bulk of 88 % accepted the thought of which 44 % strongly felt that resources for pupils with particular demands are limited in a chief watercourse schoolroom and another 44 % agreed. Table I: Teachers perceptual experiences towards inclusive instruction: The following tabular array summarizes the consequences of the questionnaire in a simpler format where the pro-inclusive thoughts are combined to give the per centums under the relevant rubric and the anti-inclusive thoughts are combined similarly to give the per centums under the relevant rubric. Those with unsure positions on the topic are besides tabulated. Part I Questions Pro-inclusive Impersonal Anti-inclusive Inclusive category suites help pupils with particular demands to execute academically better 87 % 12 % 1 % Integration of particular Students with particular demands into the regular community 70 % 22 % 8 % In order to achieve the maximal degree of inclusion, it is of import for pupils with particular demands to be portion of regular categories with back up support. 85 % 5 % 10 % The public presentation of chief watercourse pupils in regular categories are negatively affected by the presence of pupils with particular demands 65 % 10 % 25 % Inclusion category suites will insulate academically gifted pupils 75 % 22 % 3 % Inclusion plan in regular category suites will profit the academy pupils with particular demands. 90 % 1 % 9 % Education in chief watercourse categories is the right of the pupils with particular demands. 90 % 5 % 5 % Students with particular demands will non be labeled as ‘hopeless ‘ ‘stupid ‘ and ‘weird ‘ when placed in regular category suites 91 % 2 % 7 % Table-II: Collaboration between particular instruction and chief watercourse instructors: The following tabular array summarizes the consequences of the questionnaire Part II in a simpler format where the pro-collaborative thoughts are combined to give the per centums under the relevant rubric and the anti-collaborative thoughts are combined similarly to give the per centums under the relevant rubric. Those with unsure positions on the topic are besides tabulated. Part II Questions Pro-collaborative Impersonal Anti-collaborative Regular instructors and Particular demands instructors must work together in order to learn pupils with particular demands in inclusive category suites. 94 % 1 % 4 % Because of the expostulation from the chief watercourse schoolroom teachers the execution of Inclusive instruction is uneffective although it is a really good construct. 30 % 3 % 67 % The duty of chief watercourse category instructors towards pupils with particular demands is of at most importance. 78 % 1 % 21 % The presence of a particular instruction instructor in the regular category suites could raise troubles in finding who truly is responsible for the particular pupils 22 % 4 % 74 % Particular demands of the pupils are merely met by particular instruction instructors. 22 % 10 % 68 % Table-III: Schemes to better inclusive instruction The following tabular array summarizes the consequences of the questionnaire Part III in a simpler format where the pro-improvement thoughts are combined to give the per centums under the relevant rubric and the anti-improvement thoughts are combined similarly to give the per centums under the relevant rubric. Those with unsure positions on the topic are besides tabulated. Part III Questions Pro-improvement Impersonal Anti-improvement Teachers of the chief watercourse schoolroom have the accomplishments and the preparation to learn and run into the demand particular demand pupils 75 % 2 % 23 % Particular needs pupils need excess aid and attending 95 % 0 % 5 % compared to the regular pupils there was more of disciplinary jobs with pupils of particular demands 92 % 4 % 4 % particular needs instructors are of really small aid to chief stream category room instructors. 58 % 10 % 32 % the resources for the pupils with particular demands in a chief watercourse category room are limited although inclusive instruction is of great of import, 88 % 10 % 2 % Testing hypothesis for inclusion instruction: The above information was analysed to prove the undermentioned hypothesis. In visible radiation of the antecedently published informations, a series of hypothesis were adapted and tested against the information obtained through this survey. The undermentioned hypotheses was tested: The hypothesis which was tested provinces that, â€Å" there is no important difference between male and female instructors in their attitudes towards the inclusion of particular need pupils in general instruction category suites † . Testing Hypothesis 1: Harmonizing to the first hypothesis we assume that, â€Å" there is no important difference between male and female instructors in their attitudes towards the inclusion of particular need pupils in general instruction category suites † . The consequence of the hypothesis is presented on table below: Among the pro-inclusive attitudes observed, the per centums of work forces and adult females who portion the same position are given in separate columns. Part I Questions Pro-inclusive Work force Womans Inclusive category suites help pupils with particular demands to execute academically better 87 % 37 % 63 % Integration of particular Students with particular demands into the regular community 70 % 22 % 78 % In order to achieve the maximal degree of inclusion, it is of import for pupils with particular demands to be portion of regular categories with back up support. 85 % 35 % 65 % The public presentation of chief watercourse pupils in regular categories are negatively affected by the presence of pupils with particular demands 65 % 25 % 75 % Inclusion category suites will insulate academically gifted pupils 75 % 22 % 78 % Inclusion plan in regular category suites will profit the academy pupils with particular demands 90 % 41 % 49 % Education in chief watercourse categories is the right of the pupils with particular demands. 90 % 45 % 55 % Students with particular demands will non be labeled as ‘hopeless ‘ ‘stupid ‘ and ‘weird ‘ when placed in regular category suites 91 % 32 % 68 % On being asked if they think that inclusive manner of instruction helps pupils with particular demands fare better academically, 85 % of instructors were positive towards the inquiry. The per centum of work forces and adult females who voted for inclusivity as a aid for particular instruction in footings of academic betterment in pupils with particular demands were 37 % work forces and 63 % adult females. As both genders are unevenly represented in the population, the per centums were controlled for based on representation. For the inquiry of whether they thought that the integrating of particular needs kids into the general pupil community would impact the regular pupils in any manner 70 % of the instructors surveyed disagreed of which 22 % were work forces while 78 % were adult females. To the inquiry of whether or non endorse up support must be given to kids with particular demands in the inclusive set up to accomplish the highest degree of inclusion, 85 % of the respondents stron gly believed that back up support must be given to accomplish the highest degree of inclusion of which 35 % were work forces and 65 % were adult females. On being asked if they thought that academically talented pupils will be isolated in an inclusive category apparatus, 75 % think that academically talented kids will non be isolated in inclusive category suites of which 22 % were work forces and 78 % were adult females. To the 5th inquiry as to whether the arrangement of kids with particular demands in regular category suites may impact the academic public presentation of chief watercourse pupils, 65 % of instructors thought that the arrangement of kids with particular demands in regular category suites will non impact the academic public presentation of chief watercourse pupils of which 25 % were work forces and 75 % were adult females. To the inquiry of whether kids with particular instruction demands will profit from inclusive instruction, 90 % of the instructors surveyed strongly accepted that kids with particular demands will profit of which 41 % were work forces and 49 % were adult females. On being asked if they thought that kids with particular academic demands have a right to chief watercourse instruction, 90 % of the instructors agreed of which 45 % were work forces and 55 % were adult females. To the last inquiry as to whether the arrangement of kids with particular demands in regular category suites may ensue in labeling of the chidren with particular demands as Wyrd, stupid or hopeless, and therefore dispute the end of inclusivity, a bulk of 91 % of instructors disagreed of which 32 % were work forces and 68 % were adult females. The consequences show that overall adult females seemed to possess more positive attitude than work forces towards inclusivity. Student ‘s t-test was performed on the values obtained and hypothesis one was proved untrue. Hence, there is considerable discrepancy between male and female instructors in their attitudes towards the inclusion of particular need pupils in general instruction category suites † . Statistical analysis of the trial consequences show that 32.37 % of positive attitude was shown by work forces towards inclusive instruction, with a standard divergence of +/-8.71 while 66.37 % was shown by adult females, with a standard divergence of +/-10.63. 2-tailed T-test was performed on the information obtained and the difference was important at 99 % assurance interval. Hence there is a important difference in the attitude of work forces and adult females towards the inclusion of particular need pupils in general instruction category suites. Part II Questions Pro-collaborative Work force Womans Regular instructors and Particular demands instructors must work together in order to learn pupils with particular demands in inclusive category suites. 94 % 46 % 54 % Because of the expostulation from the chief watercourse schoolroom teachers the execution of Inclusive instruction is uneffective although it is a really good construct. 30 % 67 % 33 % The duty of chief watercourse category instructors towards pupils with particular demands is of at most importance. 78 % 41 % 49 % The presence of a particular instruction instructor in the regular category suites could raise troubles in finding who truly is responsible for the particular pupils 22 % 74 % 26 % Particular demands of the pupils are merely met by particular instruction instructors. 22 % 90 % 10 % The consequence of gender on perceptual experiences of instructors from the US the corporate attempts between particular instruction and chief watercourse instructors in an inclusive schoolroom were studied. On being asked if they thought that particular instruction instructors and regular chief watercourse instructors must work together to learn kids with particular academic demands in inclusive category suites, 94 % of the instructors accepted this position of which 46 % were work forces and 54 % were adult females. Inclusive instruction is a good construct, but its executing is bootless due to expostulations from chief watercourse schoolroom instructors. To this inquiry as to whether the execution of inclusive instruction is uneffective due to expostulations from chief watercourse schoolroom instructors, 30 % of instructors did non believe that the execution of inclusive instruction is uneffective due to expostulations from chief watercourse schoolroom instructors of which 67 % were work forces and 33 % were adult females. To the 3rd inquiry as to whether or non chief watercourse instructors have a chief duty towards the kids with particular demands placed in their regular category suites, 78 % of instructors accepted this position of which 41 % were work forces and 49 % were adult females. On being asked if they thought that the presence of a particular instruction instructor in the regular category suites could raise troubles in finding who truly is responsible for the pupils with particular demands, 22 % of the instructors disagreed this position of which 74 % were work forces and 26 % were adult females. To the last inquiry as to whether or non a particular instruction teacher merely helps the kids with particular demands placed in the category suites, merely 34 % disagreed of which 90 % were work forces and 10 % were adult females. Statistical analysis of the trial consequences show that 63.6 % of positive attitude was shown by work forces towards inclusive instruction, with a standard divergence of +/-20.23 while 34.4 % was shown by adult females, with a standard divergence of +/-17.78. A 2-tailed T-test was performed on the information obtained and the difference was non important at 95 % assurance interval. Hence there is no notable alteration in the attitude of work forces and adult females towards collaborative attempts required towards the execution of particular instruction in a manner that helps recognize its end. Part III Questions Pro-improvement Work force Womans Teachers of the chief watercourse schoolroom have the accomplishments and the preparation to learn and run into the demand particular demand pupils 75 % 48 58 % Particular needs pupils need excess aid and attending 95 % 45 % 55 % compared to the regular pupils there was more of disciplinary jobs with pupils of particular demands 92 % 54 % 46 % Particular needs instructors are of really small aid to chief stream category room instructors. 58 % 39 % 61 % the resources for the pupils with particular demands in a chief watercourse category room are limited although inclusive instruction is of great of import, 88 % 52 % 48 % The hypothesis was tested to see the consequence of the gender of the learning module on some of the issues that needs the attending of the people involved in carry throughing inclusive particular instruction plans. To the first inquiry as to whether or non chief watercourse instruction instructors possess the preparation and the accomplishments to assist the kids with particular demands placed in the category suites, a bulk of 75 % did non prefer the thought of which 42 % were work forces and 58 % were adult females. On being asked if they thought that kids with particular demands required excess aid and attending in regular category suites, 95 % of the instructors strongly accepted this position of which 45 % were work forces and 55 % were adult females. To the inquiry og whether or non kids with particular demands in the inclusive set up to perpetrate more disciplinary jobs when compared to regular pupils, 92 % of the respondents accepted this position of which 54 % were work forces and 46 % were adult females. Particular instructors are non of any aid to the chief watercourse schoolroom instructor. To this inquiry as to whether the particular instructors are of any aid to the chief watercourse schoolroom instructor, 58 % accepted the thought of which 39 % were work forces and 51 % were adult females. Last, to the inquiry as to whether resources for pupils with particular demands are limited in a chief watercourse schoolroom though inclusive instruction is of import, a bulk of 88 % accepted the thought of which 52 % were work forces and 48 % were adult females. Statistical analysis of the trial consequences show that 46.4 % of positive attitude was shown by work forces towards inclusive instruction, with a standard divergence of +/-6.42 while 51.6 % was shown by adult females, with a standard divergence of +/-6.26. 2-tailed T-test was performed on the information obtained and the difference was non important at 95 % assurance interval. Hence there is no notable alteration in the attitude of work forces and adult females towards betterments necessary in particular instruction. Based on the survey consequences, in general, the instructors had a positive attack towards the inclusive theoretical account of instruction, a positive attack towards a collaborative attempt to assist make the ultimate end of inclusion and a positive attack towards the attempts to better the inclusive programme. Further the survey tested the hypothesis of gender prejudice in credence of the inclusive plan among instructors and found that adult females were more accepting towards the inclusion of kids with particular demands and hence the end of the plan than work forces. The information was important at the 99 % assurance interval. Interestingly work forces were more positive for collaborative attempts than they were for inclusion as a whole although the information was non important at the 95 % assurance interval. Both work forces and adult females were positive about the demand for betterments in the field and there was no important difference in their attitudes based on the tool used. Restrictions of the survey: The sample size is excessively little and therefore non representative of all the schools in the United States. The Numberss of work forces and adult females campaigners interviewed are non the same and therefore the survey might hold been more colored towards the position of adult females than work forces. Further surveies with an hypertrophied sample drawn from all the provinces are needed to make to the decisions that can be said as true to the full instruction population of the United States. This survey should besides separate instructors ‘ attitudes towards the inclusion of different types of particular instruction demands, which are thought to represent an of import parametric quantity. The information must farther be linked to attitudinal tonss that link teacher attitude to either learning effectivity or to pupil results which is yet to be explored. How to cite A Survey conducted on teachers in the United States, Essay examples

Humor Advertising Comprehensive Analysis -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Humor Advertising Comprehensive Analysis? Answer: Introduction: The 2017 AFL Womens football event was the commencement of seasons top notch womens Australian football competition. The eight teams that competed in the league were all associated with existing AFL clubs. The games kick started from Friday, 3 February, the season ended with the grand final being played on Saturday, 25th March (AFL Women's., 2018). The entire fixture was put on display on Friday 9 December 2016. The first match was played between Carlton and Collingwood, they featured in the first match of the league which was scheduled to be played at Olympic Park Oval which was also Collingwoods home ground, but was moved to Ikon Park which had higher capacity in January 2017. These integrated technique or approaches helped in maintaining and generating followers involvement for making the campaign adequately strong in terms of strength and ability. This approach helps in achieving their goal of attracting the potential followers of the AFL womens football tournament. The media campaign could have benefitted from higher specialization between various social media platform and usages (Gill, 2017). This could marketing each page easier to understand and lowering existing spams for the followers and pages of the pages. Several comments and more than thousand likes would come on each posts of the AFL tournament. Furthermore, the viewership of the events broadcast would number to 15 million and more at times. Campaign strategy: The online media campaign organized by AFL was designed to inspire and regulate fan involvement with the league held in Australia. To attain this objective, the campaign was administered across the triple major and principal online social media platforms namely face book, Instagram and Twitter (Littleton, 2016). The campaign showcased and featured posts all over the major social networking sites, the posts included match updates, scores, standings, player interviews, team showcases, funny clips, articles relevant to the AFL, while Instagrams major focus was on showcasing the spectacular event. The posts included fan interaction, followers and most of the prominent jury of the league is found on Twitter. Re-tweeting posts made about the event are the primary means of showcasing the posts and articles about the event (Giulianotti, 2002). It helps in providing a sense of interaction between the communities and also encourages participation from the fans. Sharing live updates from the tournament is also a productive mode of engaging audience consciousness and involvement. Followers are likely to stay more engrossed and entertained in the event when they can view and observe the event happenings from anywhere in the world. Fans and followers are more likely to watch the events from anywhere in the world from any device which also encourages fan participation as they dont need to be psychology active in the place of the event taking place as it is not possible for everyone to go to the stadium to watch their favorites players or cheer for their respective teams (Weinberger Gulas, 2006). This principle is ascertained in AFLs online media campaign as Instagram, Twitter and Face book social pages all showcases the live updates. AFLs Instagram page always shared images and clips of the live tournament to showcase the event for its online fans. Showcasing of the major competition itself is featured on the AFL Face book and Twitter handles d uring the event, whereas Instagram only posted this kind of stuff. Platforms like Twitter and Face book, live action sharing on these platforms to drive encouragement from the masses primarily takes another form: standings of the teams, scores and highlight clips from the game (Filo, Lock Karg, 2015). Score and match fixtures and current standing scan help the followers to feel that they are up to date with the match and competition. It also helps them in maintaining a track of the live tournaments progress thereby assisting the loyal event followers to preserve their active interest in the tournament. Sports highlight clips which are shared on the twitter and Face book handles of the event help drive engagement of the masses and followers as the event is easily available to be witnessed by anyone and everyone where ever they are. Fan engagement: The online sports campaign could be ascertained and viewed as fairly successful for achieving its goal of maintaining and developing the involvement of the fan with the AFL women football leagues followers and fan (Kunkel, Funk Lock, 2017). In twitter and face book, the tournament post were displayed to have thousands of viewers and users. The posts on the two different media vary according to the level of interaction. Some posts about the tournament only attract hundreds of likes while the other post can reach to more than thousands of likes (as shown in figure). Moreover, the number of management for the tournament posts also varies. Furthermore, on instagram, the videos and images of the AFL football event also consistently was able to gain thousands of likes. Moreover, such posts work to attract consumer involvement by covering the various aspects of the tournament coverage. Besides these posts receiving high levels of attention from their fans viewing, liking as well as sharing, AFL also involve with its online community participants. They form a significant share of the campaign. Especially in Twitter, the tweets by followers, fans and important community participants can be re-tweeted that would affirm its engagement and input. This fostering of a harmonious relationship between the fans and clubs could help in shifting the role of fan and followers into more of a supportive role (Elliott Drummond, 2015). This helps the followers in identifying the league more adequately and thus creating strong level of loyalty or solidarity among its followers. Hence, this approach makes the followers more likely to involve and engage with AFL football league. The online campaign has proved to be triumphant in its ultimate objective of attracting the communitys attention or interest for the tournaments live broadcast. The statistics of AFL tournament just after the event revealed that the events live stream crossed over 15 million views and at times would reach to 1 lacks concurrent viewers (Vann Woodford Bruns, 2015). Strength and weaknesses: In the current scenario, there are various major strengths related to the campaign that is ascertained through the outline of the campaign strategy. The key element among these are prominent community members, involvement of fans, use of humor and moreover, the showcasing of the AFL event through video and images of the tournament, highlight clips of the match and placement or score updates posts (Duncan, 2017). The humorous posts related to the tournaments are the major strength of the sports campaign in various ways. As per the outlining off the campaign strategy, it is ascertained that humor is advantageous in promoting positive options about the organization and very effective in gaining attention of the followers, especially the young followers (Hutchins, 2014). This encourages more people to follow AFL women football tournament more closely by engaging with its events and community. Moreover, the humorous posts can be easily shared among their friends and would result in gaining more exposure by being introduced to more individuals, who might be interested in viewing the event or participating in the social media community. Moreover, the interaction between AFL women football team and community members through Twitter assists greatly in driving their fan following. Community engagement and involvement in discussions encourages more followers and fans to greatly interact with each other and others related to the event (Woodford, Prowd Bruns, 2017). The frequency of the event updates about the tournament via Face book and Twitter is known as its strength, as they can continue to maintain their engagement with their followers by reminding them about the upcoming events more often. It provides the fan with live updates so that those interested can evaluate the unfolding of the events. On the other hand, the major weakness related to this media campaign is receiving notifications for various posts every single day from the AFL women footballs page could be quiet irritating and can lead its followers away from involving with the event or community. The type of posts made in financial book and Twitter is different, which prevents it from presenting a clear image of what the function exactly wants to showcase in the campaign and thereby reducing the potential annoying spam for its followers (Chang, Yu Lu, 2015). Moreover, the other potential weaknesses of the online sport campaign is that it frequent updating the scores about the tournament and displaying highlights makes the followers less inclined to view the events or involve in its social community page. The followers opt for saving their time simply by checking the match highlights, score updates and standing updates (Felix, Rauschnabel Hinsch, 2017). However, this limitation or drawback is negligible as compared to the strength of the campaigns posts as it has ability to create high interest regarding community interaction, involvement and viewership. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that AFL women football has maintained and developed a very perfect and effective online media campaign by involvement of community interaction and viewership for the football tournaments. Application of various media such as Face book, instagram and Twitter between January to March various kind of posts were made. This involved the promotion of discussion and interaction between the AFL team leaders with community members. Tactics were used as a vital part of the campaign strategy that included in motivating the prominent community members and fans to discuss the events by sharing events updates and live actions. Overall, this approach helped in encouraging fan participation, promoting positive perceptions regarding the football league or tournament and maintaining followers interest among the tournaments potential target audiences consisting of young adults. The campaign proved to be a huge success in overall attracting significant liking, discussion, sharing and gaining viewership for the event. References: AFL Women's. (2018).Facebook.com. Retrieved 22 January 2018, from https://www.facebook.com/aflwomens/. Chang, Y. T., Yu, H., Lu, H. P. (2015). Persuasive messages, popularity cohesion, and message diffusion in social media marketing.Journal of Business Research,68(4), 777-782. Duncan, S. K. (2017). The Transformation of Australian Football: The Impact of Business on the Sport Field.Cosmos and History: The Journal of Natural and Social Philosophy,13(3), 358-383. Elliott, S., Drummond, M. (2015). The (limited) impact of sport policy on parental behaviour in youth sport: a qualitative inquiry in junior Australian football.International journal of sport policy and politics,7(4), 519-530. Felix, R., Rauschnabel, P. A., Hinsch, C. (2017). Elements of strategic social media marketing: A holistic framework.Journal of Business Research,70, 118-126. Filo, K., Lock, D., Karg, A. (2015). Sport and social media research: A review.Sport management review,18(2), 166-181. Gill, R. (2017). The Australian Football Leagues social agenda.Asia Pacific Public Relations Journal,18, 4-16. Giulianotti, R 2002, 'Supporters, followers, fans and flaneurs: A taxonomy of spectator identities in football', Journal of Sport and Social Issues, vol 26, no. 1, pp 25-46. Hutchins, B. (2014). Sport on the move: The unfolding impact of mobile communications on the media sport content economy.Journal of Sport and Social Issues,38(6), 509-527. Kunkel, T., Funk, D. C., Lock, D. (2017). The Effect of the League Brand on the Relationship Between the Team Brand and Behavioural Intentions: A Formative Approach Examining Brand Associations and Brand Relationships.Journal of Sport Management, 1-43. Littleton, T 2016, Social Sports: Four Ways Sports Can Engage and Entertain on Social Media, Huffington Post, 23 June, viewed 20th October, 2016, huffingtonpost.co.uk/tamara-littleton/social-sports-four-ways-s_b_10627276.html. Vann, P., Woodford, D., Bruns, A. (2015). Social media and niche sports: The netball ANZ championship and commonwealth games on twitter.Media International Australia,155(1), 108-119. Weinberger, M, Gulas, C 2006, Humor in Advertising: a comprehensive analysis, M.E. Sharpe, Inc, New York. Woodford, D., Prowd, K., Bruns, A. (2017). Audiencing through Social Media. InStudying Digital Media Audiences: Perspectives from Australasia(Vol. 35, pp. 76-97). Routledge.

The nature of relationship marketing in Greek SMEs Essay Example

The nature of relationship marketing in Greek SMEs Essay Marketing is defined by the American Marketing Association as the process of planning and carrying out the design, pricing, promotion and the distribution of ideas, goods and services to create exchanges that will satisfy individual and organizational objectives.(Lancaster, 1998) A study by (Hogarth-Scott et al., 1996) examined how complex the marketing practiced in small business was and how it is used to strategically gain a competitive advantage over a competitor. Carson (1990) in a longitudinal study of small firms in Belfast area has made a strong contribution to the understanding of market practice of marketing in small firms and concludes that marketing is often seen as peripheral to small firms requirements. Research has found some small businesses use sophisticated marketing strategies and others use no marketing. Small business owners are seen as generalists and should not be expected to change to specialists in marketing. We will write a custom essay sample on The nature of relationship marketing in Greek SMEs specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The nature of relationship marketing in Greek SMEs specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The nature of relationship marketing in Greek SMEs specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In their work Fitchew, Stokes and Blackburn (Jack, 1998) aimed to provide an understanding of what marketing means to small business owners and stated that small firms share a number of characteristics differentiating them from larger organizations. They continued by stating that empirical work suggests that these characteristics lead to a number of marketing problems. To illustrate their point they use the following factors as examples; limited customer base, limited activity, owner/managers marketing competency, lack of formalized planning and evolutionary marketing, and, innovation, niches and gaps. Jack and Bower (Jack, 1998) found that the firms they studied attributed their success to the product/service supplied, their willingness to adopt to and meet customers requirements, helping to build, maintain and retain customer loyalty and building a marketing strategy around their competitive advantage. It follows therefore that marketing is particularly relevant to the small business, the use and application may determine the winners from the losers. The relationship and affinity that many SME owners/managers have with their customer base has frequently been cited as an advantage of the SME sector. For instance Carson (1990) discussed the importance of customer relationships for the small business. Similarly Carson, Crombie, McGowan and Hill (1995) who implied that the best strategy a small business can adopt is to fully appreciate and exploit any existing customer base, prior to attempting an expansion of this base. Similarly, McAuley (Jack, 1998) discussed how important it is for the entrepreneur to be interested in the customer, developing a relationship and building on it over time, not just for the domestic market but also for the internationalization of the small business. This relationship between the firm and the customer is called relationship marketing Thus Shani and Chalasani (1992) define relationship marketing as an integrated effort to identify, maintain, and build up a network with individual consumers and to continuously strengthen the network for the mutual benefit of both sides, through interactive, individualized and value-added contacts over a long period of time Aims The aim of this project is to develop an explanatory theory that will associate certain factors to the effectiveness of relationship marketing in small business in Greece. It will seek to determine how relationship marketing can be practiced by small businesses. It will try to further understand the special features of relationship marketing implementation in small businesses. It will also try to highlight the importance of the entrepreneur in practicing relationship marketing. Research questions 1. If small business in Greece practice relationship marketing 2. How effectively do small business use relationship marketing in Greece? 3. How important is the entrepreneur in practicing relationship marketing? 4. Are there any other elements that need to be considered in relation to small business use of relationship marketing? Plan of Investigation Literature review Surveying 2000 SMEs in 1991 and 1995, the study sought to identify the particular factors which small firm owners-managers believe contribute most to their competitive advantage (Cambridge Small Business Research Centre, 1992; Kitson and wilkinson, 1996). In 1991, the main competitive advantage of small firms was found to be personal attention to client needs, although established reputation, the provision of specialized expertise and product quality were also believed to be important factors. In the marketing domain it is essential for managers and others to keep in close touch with customers to assess their needs and aspirations. It is also beneficial to maintain a long-term relationship with customers. Loyal customers who continue to purchase particular goods or services over time are very attractive to business. The costs of acquiring new customers is considerable and the latter are likely to be more fickle and responsive to marginal additional benefits provided by competitors. Long-term relationships generate a self-sustaining dynamic, which allows each party to weather the storms that arise between interdependent people. (Carson et al., 1995) In 1990s, the topic of relationship marketing has become one of great interest to both marketing scholars and marketing practitioners. In the increasingly mature and complex markets in which organizations are now operating, building relationships and sustaining then are frequently, ore important than customer acquisition. McKenna (1991) offers a more strategic view of relationship marketing by putting the customer first and shifting the role of marketing from manipulating the customer (telling and selling) to genuine customer involvement (communicating and sharing the knowledge). Berry (1993), in somewhat broader terms, also has strategic viewpoint on relationship marketing. He stresses that attracting new customers should be viewed only as an intermediate step in the marketing process. Developing closer relationship with these customers and turning them into loyal once are equally important aspects of marketing. Thus he defines relationship marketing as attracting, maintaining, and-in multi-service-organizations-enhancing customer relationships. A considerable amount of work has focused on the relevance and applicability of relationship marketing to all customers and suppliers as well as the limitations of relationship marketing. Blois(1996) examines the conditions under which a customer is willing to become involved in and then to continue a relationship. The customer must be convinced of the overall benefits of the relationship, so that the advantages outweigh the costs of obtaining similar supplies through discrete transactions. Some researchers have questioned whether relationship marketing practices benefit both customer and supplier. Worthington and Horne (1996) consider whether relationship marketing operates in a mutually beneficial way across customer-supplier with reference to the affinity card industry. Other researchers, such as Murphy (1996), have examined the financial services industry and found that both customers and suppliers benefit from relationship marketing. For the customer a long-tern relationship helps reduce perceived risk in purchasing financial services, whereas for the supplier it allows enhanced retention rates and therefore improved profitability. Other academic work by Palmer (1994) explores the role of relationship marketing in the marketing curriculum and the alternative perspectives of relationship marketing held by a sample of U.K managers (Palmer Mayer, 1996) Unfortunately there is a lack of research of relationship marketing in SMEs sector. In the vast majority of the academic literature we found out about the importance of relationship marketing in firms and especially in SME. But there is very limited research on how a firm can implement relationship marketing and relationship marketing techniques. In this study we will try to understand how relationship marketing is been practiced in the SMEs sector in Greece. Greece could be a very helpful example as personal relations are very important and quite different to U.K Also be aware that effective working relationships emerge: (1) when interacting parties communicate openly and regularly; (2) when a degree of trust develops between individuals and groups; (3) when the parties understand the viewpoint of their counterparts; (4) when non-coercive methods of influence are utilized; (5) when those who interact accept their adversaries have a legitimate right to express their point of view; and (6) when joint decision-making is neither unduly emotional nor hard-headed (Carson et al., 1995). Sample The sampling frame will consist of small manufacturing enterprises in the Attica district of Greece. As Athens, the capital of Greece, is located in Attica, this district contains a high concentration of small enterprises. An estimated population of 4000 SMEs in the district operating in a variety of different manufacturing sectors. ICAP (Greek Business Information Company) will be contacted to generate the sample required from their database. Through the use of stratified random sampling the population is divided into three strata of non-overlapping groups. These are based on the number of employees outlined in the EC February 1996 definition of small businesses. ICAP will carry out three separate searches, draw a random sample from each subset to form the total sample of businesses. Probability sampling will be used to answer the research questions by making inferences from the sample about a population. This sampling technique is used to obtain a representative sample. Overall research design A multi-method approach was felt to be the most suitable for this study as the in depth knowledge of social contexts acquired through qualitative research can be used to inform the design of survey questions for structured interviewing and self competition questionnaires.(Bryman, 2001). The use of qualitative methods would generate information on individual views and opinions and quantitative to facilitate theory testing. The issues of reliability and generability of qualitative research findings can be overcome through the use of quantitative research at the same time. Method-qualitative This was felt to be appropriate to the research strategy, as in depth understanding of a number of small businesses in Greece would be obtained. It would also enable the understanding of managers views and opinions of the implications of relationship marketing strategies. Interviews are the most appropriate method as they are insightful and able to focus on the relationship between marketing and small businesses. The disadvantage is the bias associated with poor questions, not objective interpretation of results and also time consuming. Interview Design The types of interviews to be used are in-depth, face to face as a natural conversation and personal contact can be achieved. They allow exploration, probing of interviewee and story-telling to generate theory. To achieve an equivalence of stimulus the same types of topics will be asked to all participants. The researcher will make sure that the interviewee understands any theoretical concepts used. The final questions will be formed after the literature review. Relevant information on the themes of the interview will be supplied to participants before interviews so they are able to gather appropriate information. This also helps to promote validity and reliability. (Saunders et al., 2000) Data processing and analysis Categorization of the themes and sub themes will be developed when reading the data to identify relationships and patterns. Categories are then named using existing theory and parameters will be implemented so no confusion of what is included. The categories will be analyzed to see how they fit together. Unitizing then takes place when the data is assigned to a category through the dissection of the transcripts. Hypotheses will be developed and tested to identify relationships between categories (Saunders et al., 2000). Method-Quantitative The most appropriate method is a survey. It will allow the collection of a large amount of data from a sizeable population in a highly economically way.(Saunders et al., 2000) It is used to describe population characteristics and to test practices on small business relationship marketing. Other quantitative methods are incompatible with the nature of research and are not selected. The data collection tools consists of questionnaire, structured observation and structured interviews. In using a questionnaire the data is in a standardized form and comparison can be made easily and quickly. Structured interviews and observations were not selected as it was felt that in depth interviews would generate richer information on the topic. Sample The questionnaires will be sent by post to the remaining business from the sample. Questionnaire Design In designing the questionnaire, time will be spent planing, collecting and analyzing the data required, as you are unable to use prompts to explore further and have only one chance to collect the data. Self-completion questionnaires will be used, as they are inexpensive. As the questionnaire is completed independently the answers will not be contaminated or affected by other peoples opinions. The owners of small businesses are unlikely to have assistants so it is felt that they will fill it in themselves. A disadvantage of a postal survey it is low response rates and incomplete data. This can be solved by attaching a covering letter to the questionnaire explaining the purpose of the study will maximize response rates and the importance of completing it along with a pre paid envelope. The questionnaire is designed with an attractive layout, clear instructions and a minimum number of questions. A reminder will be posted one week after the questionnaire to the sample. Data processing and analysis The closed questions will be coded at the design stage. Open questions will be grouped into categories and coded once the questionnaires have been received. A unique identification number will be assigned to each questionnaire to help when checking for errors after inserting data. The computer programme SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) will be used to process and analyze the data. The data is manually keyed and stored in the SPSS worksheet. The advantage is that data can be input quickly with few errors. In using the commands available statistical tests can be carried out easily and quickly. (Tukey, 1997). emphasizes the use of diagrams to explore and understand your data. (Saunders et al., 2000). The results can then be presented in the form of tables and graphs appropriate to the research questions. Ethical issues As an external researcher the main weakness is how to gain access to small business, as it could be difficult to negotiate and time consuming. To overcome this the selected businesses will be contacted by telephone and informed of the study and its purpose allowing them to agree to take part in the questionnaire and interviews. Managers will be informed of the value and credibility of the research. The goodwill of the organizations in allowing access will be relied on. A consent form will be constricted and signed by all those participating. All information will be anonymous, as the study does not need to name participants. Appropriate data protection principles will be put in place to maintain confidentiality and privacy. Due to the anonymous nature of questionnaire unique identification numbers will not be used.

Spanish American War essays

Spanish American War essays A number of factors contributed to the U.S. decision to go to war against Spain. Since the early years of the 19th century, many Americans had watched with sympathy the series of revolutions that ended Spanish authority throughout South America, Central America, and Mexico. Many people in the United States were irritated that the Spanish flag continued to fly in Cuba and Puerto Rico. The brutality with which Spain put down Cuban demands for a degree of local autonomy and personal liberty aroused both sympathy and anger. Support for the cause of Cuban independence had deep historical roots in the United States, and this cause became the stated objective of the war. However, I believe that the U.S. reason for going to war was primarily due to their the growing imperialism and Cuba s independence was just a good excuse for them to try to extend American influence overseas knowing that they would be able to defeat Spain. The United States was booming industrially and without a foreign market, the country would have been fully saturated and very little consuming could be done. Therefore, fighting Spain for a noble cause would make them look good as well as be able to force Spain to give up much of their territories for the US to make use of. This is exactly what happened after the US won the Spanish-American War. The Spanish withdrew from Cuba, leaving the island under temporary U.S. occupation. Cuba was given its independence as promised, making the US look like heroes, while Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines were ceded by Spain to the United States. Then on December 1898, the United States announced the establishment of U.S. military rule in the Philippines. The US tried to justify taking over the Philippines. They argued that the United States could not honorably hand the islands back to Spain because Filipinos were "unprepared for self-government" and the islands would simply fall prey to Germany or an...

TLMT313 Assignment 1 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

TLMT313 1 - Assignment Example Thurston Howell, was the in charge of the X-ray supply. Moreover, in relation to the case scenario, it has also been reflected that after the death of Mr. Howell, Mr. Rubble is having the option to opt for new supply as per his convenience and overall profitability of the healthcare. Mr. Rubble has noticed that Kodak is charging higher prices as compared to other suppliers. The key problem is that. Rubble is accountable for the authority for the selection of the suppliers. The alternative measures that Mr. Rubble can take in this underlining situation is that he needs to clearly define the problem that the pacific healthcare is encountering or may encounter in the future state of action. Moreover, being left as the sole authority of overall supply requirements of the healthcare, he could now freely sign the agreement with other suppliers of the X-ray sheets with regards to considering the current contractual agreement with Kodak company on the basis of his own individual decision mak ing aspect. Apart from that he and other higher authorities needs to determine and evaluate the products and services of Kodak in regards to quality, services, price, maintenance and other necessary equipments. The proper evaluation of the quality supplied in the previous years and current scenario must be evaluated with the proper measures. With regards to this alternative, the healthcare can significantly ask other suppliers to provide the sample, which the healthcare can evaluate with its requirement so that the best alternative gets selected out of the available alternatives. Furthermore, it is important to consider the most likely impacts of the existing alternative approach over the long term prospective impact. Nevertheless, the healthcare to stay with the supply of Kodak is also available to them. In the healthcare industry in order to effectively manage and improve the patient health conditions, it is quite important and critical to evaluate their

An analysis of an aspect of human culture from an anthropological Essay

An analysis of an aspect of human culture from an anthropological viewpoint - Essay Example It has further fostered the subordination of poor and developing nations by the rich and developed nations of the western world. This has lead to an environmental degradation and is regarded as a serious threat to non – western indigenous cultures and economies. This article further argues that the Western countries has set up international bodies like IMF, World Bank, United Nations and other donor agencies to control all major economic and political affairs prevailing in the rest of the world. This papers approaches this issue from the holistic and anthropological perspective which surrounds the economic and non – economic factors at the same time. Let us refer to the works of the famous economist and anthropologist Karl Marx. This great thinker anticipated disturbances and imbalances associated with the unfettered expansion of the global capital. According to Marx, societies go from simple to complex in a number of steps. The pre – historic human culture of th e Aborigines was at a lower evolutionary stage than the Western – European civilization. Similarly, during the cold war between communism and capitalism, the two opposite developing strategies were some form of Central planning and Western economics. Here, the Western developed economic nations with their capitalist approach managed to destroy the so called communist approach which were prevalent in the then U.S.S.R.

Treatment of Autism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Treatment of Autism - Research Paper Example It is shown by the fact that identical or monozygotic twins have more chances to get the disease than do the dizygotic twins or the siblings. Conditions affecting the language skills are more prevalent in the family of the patient. Other chromosomal and neurological disorders are also present in the family with autism. Other factors which can also prove causative include; Diet, changes in the digestive tract, metal poisoning specifically with mercury, metabolic disorders in which the body is not able to utilize the vitamins and the minerals and hypersensitivity to some of the vaccines. There are a group of people who are of the view that mercury is a part of some of the multi dose vaccines as thimerosal so in their opinion these vaccines can cause autism but this a misperception as The American Academy of Pediatrics, and The Institute of Medicine (IOM) has agreed to the fact that all the children who are currently diagnosed as autism’s patients, vaccination is not the cause of this disease in a single case even. It should also be considered that the benefits of the vaccination outweighs the disadvantages so vaccination should not be discontinued on account of diseases like autism as most of the vaccines are single dose prescription and thimerosal is not a constituent of any of the single dose vaccine. Treatment: B. F. Skinner who was a psychologist showed that the patients who are diagnosed cases of autism can benefit maximum from participating in Applied Behavior Analysis Training which is also known as ABA training; though there are other treatment strategies also available for the management of autism patients but ABA training proves to be much superior than the other treatment modalities. The cost of using this technique as the treatment modality should be brought into consideration before initiation of the therapy. ABA Training: It is also known as Intensive Behavioral Intervention. There are differences between these two kinds of therapy but most o f the parents as well as layman usually consider both of these as a form of intense treatment plan which primarily includes careful observation and studying the patient usually the affected child and the treatment mainly applies the principles of Operant Conditioning which was1st presented in the theories presented by B. F. Skinner. A study of the children affected by autism was carried out by Ivar Lovaas in 1980’s and it was evident from the results of the study that main principles of ABA can be used in a program designed to treat the patients of autistic disorders. This study showed marked improvement in the patients of autism if these techniques are used in a proper manner. There are many techniques which are currently the part of ABA management system and one of the principle techniques is Discrete Trial Teaching (DTT) which is used extensively nowadays. The main aim of this technique is to maximize the learning process in the affected children and it is useful in the de velopment of most of the skills e.g. cognitive, social, behavioral, fine motor, play as well as it can also be used to accelerate the ability of the children to help them at times. DTT usually involves the fragmentation of the main skill into several sub skills and then each sub skill is taught to the children intensely at a time. In actual practice, repeated sessions are planned with the child and involve prompting and then the prompt is faded to make sure the successful learning of that particular skill by

Prudhoe Bay Oil Field: Discovery, Formation and Impacts

Prudhoe Bay Oil Field: Discovery, Formation and Impacts The Prudhoe Bay oil field: The largest oil discovery in the USA The Prudhoe Bay oil field is located in Alaska on the North Slope. The onshore field spans 214,000 acres. Due to the immense size, satellite fields are established within the field. These extract smaller quantities of oil and gas. In total, there are an estimated 24 billion bbls of OOIP and 40 tcf of OGIP (BP, 2006). The National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPRA) is also in the North Slope, which is owned by the federal government. In 1944 the U.S Geographical Survey conducted an extensive exploration program on behalf of the U.S navy costing over $55 million (Morgridge, 1969). Seismic, gravity and magnetic surveys were completed and 3 oil and 6 gas reservoirs were found. Without this survey, there is little doubt this field would have been discovered so soon by ARCO and Exxon in 1968. This was followed by 8 years of legitimacy issues where surrounding lease owners including BP and Exxon resolved their equity participation for the future oil extractions. Production then began in 1977. Currently, BP is the operator of the Prudhoe Bay field and all satellite fields on the Prudhoe Bay unit. ConocoPhillips and ExxonMobil have the highest joint percentage ownership of 36% each followed by BP (26%) and lastly Chevron (1%) (BP, 2013). The stratigraphy and structural formations made it possible for the reservoir to form. During rifting, rocks were uplifted which gave rise to an unconformity; these rocks were buried again, giving rise to an unconformity trap. Figure 1 shows the cross section of the field and the most important reservoir is found in the Sadlerochit group. The western boundary of this reservoir is sealed by the structural straddle in the upper surface on the reservoir. A stratigraphic trap seals the reservoir; this is an unconformable layer composed of a cretaceous mudstone. At the start of production the depth of oil bearing sandstone was 600ft, recently the thickness average is 60ft. (Jamison, Brockett and McIntosh, 1983, pp. 279–302) The deposition of the sadlerochit layer occurred under 2 separate conditions giving rise to an upper and lower sequence, containing different compositions. The main composition of the lower sequence ranges is clastic sediments, such as sandstone. This was derived through a northerly source, and crucially deposition occurred in a shallow-marine environment – the believed source of the petroleum. The sediments from the upper layer were derived from the south where non-marine alluvial complexes were present. Figure 2 shows the age of the reservoir is the Triassic age and visually shows the sadlerochit group and the different rocks present including the dipping that occurs. The Ivishak layer contains sandstone and has a slight dip of 2O south; this layer produces the largest proportion of the oil in the field (Erickson and Sneider, 1997, pp. 18–22). The permeability varies across the field. The Ivishak layer is subdivided into 8 vertical zones and in descending order these zones are 4B, 4A, 3, 2C, 2B, 2A, 1B, and 1A. Zones are defined by the individual petrophysical properties of each vertical section. The permeability in each individual zone varies considerably, for example in zone 2A there is a 100-fold difference in minimum and maximum values- 25md to 2500md. This difference implies that there is a vast change in the pore system, not the magnitude of porosity (Sneider and Erickson, 1997, pp. 23–30). Figure 4 shows the varying rock type and thickness, as well as the geophysical properties. For example, the low gamma ray count indicates the presence of silt and shale. Development of the field has been hugely successful. There were 25 billion bbls of oil, of which only 9.6 billion bbls was initially thought to be recoverable. This estimate has increased to 13 billion bbls due to technological advances in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and through gas reinjection programs (ConocoPhillips, 2006). Of these 13 billion bbls, 11.3 billion bbls of oil has been extracted. Production rates of oil began to exceed one million bbls in 1969 and peaked in 1987 to 1.6 million bbls a day (Alaska Department of Administration, 2013). Since 1991 daily output began to decline annually at a rate of 7-12% a year; this is shown through Figure 5 (Standing, 2000). Nowadays, the Prudhoe Bay field produces 271,000 bbls of oil a day. Miscible gas injection is a successful EOR method used in Prudhoe Bay. Miscible gas acts as a solvent, vaporizing the oil from the residual oil content, thus more oil reaches the producing wells (BP, 2006). Once miscible gas is injected, water is then pumped into the reservoir. This method increases efficiency by preventing gas channeling within the reservoir. This EOR method is known as water-alternating-gas. In 1983, the Prudhoe Bay miscible gas project began. The project aimed to optimise the oil recovery of the field by carrying out a number of trials where the amount of miscible gas injected was varied. Each trial was ranked in order of efficiency in terms of produced oil and in respect to the amount of solvent retained in the reservoir (Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission, 1983). The most efficient injection ratio remained which is one of the reasons the ultimate recovery is around 60% of the initial reserves. Of this 60%, the miscible gas injection contributes up to 10% of the recovery in certain areas. This project occurred early in the field’s production increasing the oil production from the onset. Oil extracted from the Prudhoe Bay field is transported along the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS). The TAPS spans from the Prudhoe Bay field to the Valdez Marine terminal located 800 miles away; here up to 7.13 million barrels of oil can be stored which can then be loaded on tankers (Alyeska Pipeline Service Company, 2011). Without the pipeline, resources extracted from the North Slope cannot be monetised as the product cannot reach the market for sale due to the field’s location. The TAPS was the largest privately funded construction when built, costing $8 billion; since then, 16 billions barrels of oil has been transport to the Valdez Marine terminal (ConocoPhillips , 2014). However, the decline of oil output is soon to be an issue; with no investment, the minimum flow rate may occur as soon as 2045, which will lead to the shutdown of the TAPS. This is because, if flow rate is not achieved, corrosion and ice will occur to a greater extent causing the pipe to wrinkle and kink. Gas is just as important a resource as oil. Since a gas pipeline from the North Slope is non-existent; gas is not marketable as it cannot be transported away from the North Slope. Since startup, the majority of the gas extracted with the oil was re-injected into the reservoir to enhance oil recovery while some supports power the production plants. Gas and water are separated from the oil at a separation plant where the gas is then transported to the world largest central gas facility (CGF) that is located in Prudhoe Bay. The CGF can handle 9 bcf of gas daily and has the world largest smokeless flare where excess gas is burnt. The gas in the CGF is cooled and separated according to the size of the gas particles, the cooling facility alone costs $1 billion to build (BP, 2006). Most of the larger natural gas liquids are mixed with the oil and sent along the TAPS. The rest is mixed with methane giving a miscible gas, which is injected into the reservoir as an EOR method. The unused gas i s sent to the central compression plant (CCP), where it is compressed and injected into the reservoir to maintain pressure, which aids oil recovery. Consequently, since production the reservoir pressure has only declined by 1000 psi (4300 to 3300psi) (Weaver and Uldrich, 1999). The future prospects of the field are less promising due to the depletion of the oil. However, these prospects can be restored if the Alaskan gas pipeline is approved. The Alaska liquefied natural gas project (LNG) would be one of the world’s largest construction projects with estimated costs of $45 billion to $65 billion, funded by Exxon, ConocoPhillips and BP (Alaska Natural Gas Transportation Projects, 2014). The project includes an 800-mile pipeline shown in figure 6 spanning from Prudhoe Bay to Nikiski. LNG carriers would then transport the liquefied natural gas (LNG). The project includes a purpose built liquefaction plants and a gas purifying plant to remove carbon dioxide and other impurities. The pipeline will have the capacity to carry up to 3.5 billion cubic feet of gas, while the LNG plant will be capable of making up to 20 million metric tons of LNG a year (processing 2.5 billion cubic feet a day). This project would allow the gas extracted to be monetised and exp orted to countries with a free trade agreement with the United States. This includes South Korea, which is the second largest LNG importer (Hong, 2013). This project will increase the field’s economic outcome, attracting further investment. The productivity of the field is improved by establishing satellite fields. Figure 7 illustrates the 5 satellite fields. The Polaris and Orion satellite field produces the viscous oil in the formation that is difficult to extract at a depth of 4000-5000 ft. In comparison Midnight Sun extracts the hydrocarbon from a sandstone formation at a depth of 8000 ft. The Aurora and Borealis fields are established on similar formations. These fields combined contribute to around 30,000 barrels of oil a day (BP,2013). The satellite fields use existing infrastructure, which meant that the field was being optimised further by increase production while the initial costs were kept low. It is important to consider the impacts of oil and gas production in Prudhoe Bay. Approximately 2% of the land surface in the region has been altered due to the oil industry. Monitoring species diversity in the region has shown that there is little change due to this alteration. In fact, most animals use the oil field for nesting, breeding and summer forage. Some habitat has been lost which has resulted in some species being localised, however, there was no decline in population. This shows that the impacts of the oil industry on the North Slope are negligible showing sustainable development (Maki, 1992, pp. 1691–1707). Following the decline in production, exploration was renewed, which led to the discovery of two previously unutilised areas. The areas are in the west region of the field and the Sag River formation, which overlies the main Prudhoe Bay reservoir. Due to the potential of these new areas, BP has increased investment in Alaska by 25% to $1.2 billion. Part of this investment will be used to conduct a 190 square mile seismic survey and a new well pad. It is estimated that the investment may increase production by 40,000bpd, thus reduce the likelihood of the TAPS shutdown as minimum flow rate is easily overcome (Platts, 2014). The Sag River formation is a thin unexploited reservoir in which a 15 well test program will be conducted during 2015 and 2016. The success of this could enable a future 200 wells being built, this may yield 200 million barrels of oil once developed. The Western part of the field hasn’t been fully exploited yet with only the Borealis satellite field tapping in to a reservoir that is in a lower position than the main reservoir. Continuing west, the oil column reduces in thickness at times being only 30ft, this is in the Northwest Eileen. Horizontal drilling will be needed to maximize extraction of the thin oil column; this comes with the associated risks of water encroachment on top of the increased cost due to horizontal drilling (Bailey, 2013). Due to these issues, the decision to develop the Northwest Eileen is still in the pipeline and if approved would further increase production rates. To conclude, the possibilities and the history of Prudhoe Bay make it attractable to investors. Prudhoe Bay is a giant field where majority of the oil has been extracted resulting in a decline in production rates. The TAPS is vital for the success of the field and if minimum flow rate is not achieved then the oil can no longer be transported and sold. Investments to the pipeline will mean that minimum flow rate can be lowered extending the life of the TAPS. There are no plans of abandonment due to the likelihood of future proposals being successful. The liquefied natural gas project alone would be highly profitable and successful for investors as around 40 tcf of gas is still present. If the future exploration projects are successful in areas such as the Sag River formation then oil production will begin to increase. A successful future of the field is dependent of these tests but if encouraging, investors will be in a privileged position. Bibliography: Alaska Department of Administration (2013)AOGCC Pool Statistics. Alaska Natural Gas Transportation Projects (2014)Alaska LNG project. Alaska Natural Gas Transportation Projects. Available at: http://www.arcticgas.gov/alaska-lng-project (Accessed: 6 December 2014). Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Comnission (1983)PRUDHOE BAY MISCIBLE GAS PROJECT. Alyeska Pipeline Service Company (2011)The Valdez Marine Terminal. Alyeska 2011. Available at: http://www.alyeska-pipe.com/TAPS/ValdezTerminalAndTankers (Accessed: 6 December 2014). Arctic Gas (2013)Alaska natural gas pipeline projects guide, maps. Arcticgas.gov. Available at: http://www.arcticgas.gov/alaska-natural-gas-pipeline-projects-guide-and-maps (Accessed: 16 December 2014). Bailey, A. (2013) ‘BP looks to new development at Prudhoe Bay to help stem decline’, Petroleum News, August. BP (2013)Greater Prudhoe Bay. Available at: http://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/pdf/bp-worldwide/prudhoe-bay-2013.pdf (Accessed: 6 December 2014). BP (2006)Prudhoe Bay factsheet. Available at: https://dec.alaska.gov/spar/perp/response/sum_fy06/060302301/factsheets/060302301_factsheet_PB.pdf (Accessed: 6 December 2014). ConocoPhillips (2006) ‘Viscous oil the Slope’s next major proven oil opportunity’,Arctic Energy: For today and tomorrow. ConocoPhillips (2014)Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS). Available at: http://alaska.conocophillips.com/who-we-are/alaska-operations/Pages/trans-alaska-pipeline-system.aspx (Accessed: 6 December 2014). Division of Oil and Gas (1996) ‘Generalised North Slope Stratigraphic column displaying oil and gas reservoirs and associated columns’. Erickson, J. W. and Sneider, R. M. (1997) ‘Structural and Hydrocarbon Histories of The Ivishak (Sadlerochit) Reservoir, Prudhoe Bay Field’,SPE Reservoir Engineering, 12(01), pp. 18–22. doi: 10.2118/28574-pa. Hamilton, J. (2007) ‘The challenge of depletion’. Holstein, E. D. and Warner, H. R. (1994) ‘Overview of Water Saturation Determination For the Ivishak (Sadlerochit) Reservoir, Prudhoe Bay Field’,SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. doi: 10.2118/28573-ms. Hong, C. H. (2013) ‘South Korea LNG Imports Climb 19 Percent on Higher Power Demand’, Bloomberg, November. Jamison, H., Brockett, L. and McIntosh, R. (1983) ‘Chapter 13 Palaeogeomorphic and Unconformity Traps’,Developments in Petroleum Science, pp. 279–302. doi: 10.1016/s0376-7361(08)70097-9. Maki, A. (1992) ‘Of measured risks: The environmental impacts of the Prudhoe Bay, alaska, oil field’, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 11(12), pp. 1691–1707. doi: 10.1002/etc.5620111204. Morgridge, D. (1969) ‘Geology and Discovery of Prudhoe Bay Field, Eastern Arctic Slope, Alaska: ABSTRACT’, AAPGAAPG Bulletin. doi: 10.1306/5d25cc57-16c1-11d7-8645000102c1865d. Platts (2014) ‘BP to hike 2014 Alaska investment 25% to $1.2 bil, plans new projects’, Bradner, T., February. Sneider, R. M. and Erickson, J. W. (1997) ‘Rock Types, Depositional History, and Diagenetic Effects, Ivishak Reservoir, Prudhoe Bay Field’,SPE Reservoir Engineering, 12(01), pp. 23–30. doi: 10.2118/28575-pa. Standing, T. H. (2000) ‘Data shows steep Prudhoe Bay production decline.’,Oil Gas Journal. Weaver, J. W. and Uldrich, D. O. (1999) ‘Optimizing Solvent Allocation in the Prudhoe Bay Miscible Gas Project’,SPE Western Regional Meeting. doi: 10.2118/54615-ms.

Legal Advice - Aqua Sciences, Inc. Essay -- Business Law

Aqua Sciences Inc. is a Miami-Beach based company that develops innovative water technologies and brings the water everywhere â€Å"that human beings live.† This company creates new technologies that extract water from the moisture in the air. Thus, the water can be found everywhere, even in low humidity conditions. The newest technology equipment already includes Emergency Water Plant – mobile enclosed self-sustaining unit that can produce 2,600 gallons of water per day without additional power (Aqua, 2012). The major initiative the Aqua Sciences Inc. plans to do is to produce new Micro Water Plants, Rooftop Oasis, and Water Farms. Micro Water Plant will capture the solar heat through the solar panels and use the solar energy for pumps and fans. Rooftop Oasis will be the movable water plants for private residences or commercial buildings. Water Farm will be a large scale water facility that will be able to deliver 100,000 gallons of water and more per day. All of these tree initiatives plan to be distributed in and outside of the United States. Aqua Sciences, as any other businesses in the same area, has to operate under many strict laws. Administrative law is the law relating to the powers and procedures of administrative agencies. In the case of Aqua Sciences’ initiatives, the most relevant laws would be those of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). In 1970’s, the EPA received the authority for setting standards, giving permits, coordinated water quality programs, and ensured that the states enforced the national standards (Kochtcheeva, 2009). Under the EPA’s Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) signed in 1974, the Water Farm and Micro Water Plant projects of Aqua Sciences would be considered as public water systems.... ...age, D. W. (2010). Managers and the legal environment:2010 custom edition (6th ed.). Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Federal Water Pollution Control Act. (2011). Retrieved from http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/laws_regulations/docs/fedwaterpollutioncontrolact.pdf Goldscheider, R. (2002). Licensing Best Practices : The LESI Guide to Strategic Issues and Contemporary Realities. Wiley. Kochtcheeva, L. V. (2009). Administrative Discretion and Environmental Regulation: Agency Substantive Rules and Court Decisions in U.S. Air and Water Quality Policies. Review Of Policy Research, 26(3), 241-265. doi:10.1111/j.1541-1338.2009.00381.x License. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/license New Water System Capacity Development Planning Manual. (2003). Retrieved from http://www.dep.state.fl.us/water/drinkingwater/docs/CDPlngManual403.pdf